Abstract:
Existing research conflicts on whether women with low-socioeconomic status transfer more or less resources to aging parents. This paper uses a U.S. sample of adult women (N=5,238) from the PSID, a nationally representative survey that oversamples families of color. Findings suggest all education levels are equally likely to transfer any time to parents. But women with low education are more likely to provide 100 or more hours per year, and less likely to receive any time or money from parents. Taken together, women with low education are more likely to have unreciprocated transfers and fewer hours available for non-carework activities.